KPI evaluates deep decarbonisation pathways for a new build ammonia plant of 3,500 t/d on the US Gulf Coast. Eight technology configurations are compared with results providing a framework for technology selection, balancing emissions reduction, process integration, and indicative economics.
KPI describes the systematic revamp of a Benfield CO2 removal unit at a high-throughput ammonia plant, emphasising simulation-driven diagnostics and customised engineering solutions.
VK Arora of KPI examines the technical and operational challenges of decarbonising legacy and new ammonia plants, drawing on a European case study of full-scale conversion supported by robust process and integration design. It also presents three US case studies exploring partial strategies, such as green hydrogen blending and oxygen enrichment, to reduce CO2 emissions and improve throughput. Together, these examples highlight a phased, cost-effective approach to decarbonisation, with blue hydrogen serving as a near-term transitional feedstock.