Section: CRUNS Plant Manager+

This round table discusses the benefits of different additives as an alternative to formaldehyde to improve the quality of prills.

The following case study describes a serious incident and the consequences of erroneously mixing nitric acid with hydrochloric acid. In Part 1 we reported on the incident and the causes that led up to the event. In part 2 the impact, recommendations and lessons learned will be discussed.

The following case study describes a serious incident and the consequences of erroneously mixing nitric acid with hydrochloric acid. In Part 1 we report on the incident and the causes that led up to the event. In part 2 the impact, recommendations and lessons learned will be discussed.

Reverse rotation of an inline four-stage centrifugal CO2 compressor is an unwanted phenomenon which sometimes occurs in urea plants. Reverse rotation can lead to damage to the internals of the CO2 compressor and an expected outage. This discussion shares experiences and provides suggestion on how to avoid reverse rotation of the CO2 compressor.

Green urea is urea based on green ammonia produced from renewable power via electrolysers and bio-based carbon dioxide and its colour is the same as normal urea. But in this round table discussion we discuss the possible causes for urea turning a green colour as found by the initiator of this discussion. We will learn that the colour of urea can be reddish or brownish in certain conditions where corrosion rates are high and/or oil fouling is high. But what can cause urea to turn green? n

In part 5 of this series on stripper efficiency issues we conclude the discussion with a focus on fouling inside stripper tubes.

In Part 4 of this series on stripper efficiency issues, we continue to look at the causes of lower stripper efficiency with a discussion on the high delta-P range of liquid dividers.

In Part 3 of this series on stripper efficiency issues, we continue the discussion on some some of the many causes of lower stripper efficiency. Here we discuss liquid divider fouling and bad installation of liquid dividers.

Part 1 of this series on stripper efficiency issues provided a brief history of the CO₂ stripping process and discussed how the invention of the HP CO₂ scrubber back in the 1960s revolutionised urea technology. In part 2 we take a look at how high liquid load can affect stripper efficiency.

In 1967, Stamicarbon revolutionised the urea production process with the invention of the HP CO₂ stripper by Mr Petrus JC Kaasenbrood. At a time when there was an energy crisis in many parts of the world, the HP CO₂ stripper led to three main benefits: